Lab Ninjas - ANIMAL edition

I like to think of myself as a lab person. I think on average, I have a decent knowledge of the technical aspects of noble gas analysis. I have built a He extraction line from scatch, I've been involved with upgrades, repairs, routine maintenance, and exploratory surgery on both He and Ar extraction lines. I feel confident in my ability to put together noble gas labs quickly without paying a technician or lab mercenary (that is a special note for all you search committee members out there). I can dumpster dive, resuscitate broken pumps, and leak test with the best of them. Well, that is what I used to think.

Thanks to Dr. Chèvre I recently realized just how much more there is to learn. The good Dr. recently told me about the ANIMAL facility at Auburn University. ANIMAL is an acronym (one that many thermochronologists must be jealous of) for Auburn Noble Isotope Mass Analysis Laboratory. It is the noble gas (mainly Ar/Ar) facility at Auburn, run by Willis Hames and Mehmet Billor (can't find his web page). What makes it amazing though is not just the acronym, it is the fact that the entire apparatus, magnetic sector mass spectrometer included, was built by hand at Auburn, specifically for their lab. Honestly I'd never considered building a mass spectrometer, I figured it was something I'd buy (if I was ever in that position). I've now spent a lot of time on their website, looking at the pictures they have from the development and construction of the machine, looking at their calibration data, it is just amazing. It appears to be a great collaborative effort, involving geologists, material scientists, chemists, physicists, and engineers. Combining experience, resources, and skills, they put this things together from scratch.....and it works! There are even all of these great pictures of students helping to build the thing, polishing the flight tube, wrapping the coil of the magnet, etc.

There are a few things I love about this. First, the design of the machine is actually pretty innovative. Both the extraction line and the mass spectrometer have been optimized in such a way as to significantly reduce the internal volume of the extraction line. The primary modification of the extraction line that impresses me is the lasing system. Most lasing systems have a laser port and sample holder that are attached to the extraction line via stainless steel flex tubes. The laser port is mounted on a motorized stage, so it can be moved under a fixed laser, and samples can be maneuvered into place. this works well, but flex hoses are kind of a pain to deal with. By length, they have much more internal volume than straight tubes, and they are also blessed with much more internal surface area. Both of these facts are negatives from the point of view of signal size and blanks. Some flex hoses are necessary, but it is nice to avoid them when possible. At ANIMAL, the laser port is fixed, using short straight tubing, while the laser beam is mobile.

They call this set up the "flying optic." Basically, the optics of the laser are set up so that both the laser itself and the samples remain stationary, but the mirrors that aim the laser are movable. You can see in the picture above that one of the samples in the sample chamber is glowing hot.

The second great innovation deals with the size of the flight tube. The flight tube of a mass spectrometer can be one of the larger contributions to the overall volume of the extraction line. Large volumes are harder to pump out, but more importantly, the size of your signal is a function of the partial pressure of the gas in your system. Large volumes mean lower pressures, and smaller signals. Many commercial mass spectrometers have flight tube volumes of ~2 liters. ANIMAL is 80% smaller, with an internal volume of ~0.4 liters (that data comes from their website).

So this is all fantastic. One other thing that I think is cool is that they built a viewport into the ion source of the mass spectrometer. That means you can actually see the filament and electrical doohickeys working. I am not sure if this helps in the operation of things, but it is really cool, and doesn't seem to compromise their blanks at all.



So the ANIMAL lab is a good example of Lab Ninjas at work. If you have some time and are interested at all in mass spectrometers it is worth spending some time on their site.

Show us your lab - BWRU edition

Following Lab Lemming and Sara at Life is Nich si mal as well as the related field photo post from ...Or Something I am contributing pictures of my old lab. This is kind of cheating, because I no longer work there, but I don't have pics of the new place yet.

Merit Badges and MacGyver

I know the MacGyver topic is getting a tab old now, but I was fumbling through the science-o-blogosphere (not as smooth off the tongue as geoblogosphere) and I found this "organization." They call themselves the Order of the Science Scouts of Exemplary Repute and Above Average Physique, and they have a variety of science merit badges they describe, one of which, shown here



is the MacGyver badge! This is the first time I have seen this page, but so far I really like the merit badge idea. Some of the others I like are

The "inappropriate nocturnal use of lab equipment in the name of alternative science experimentation / communication" badge.

and

The "my degree inadvertantly makes me competent in fixing household appliances" badge.

One I would like to see is a "successfully salvaged lab equipment from a dumpster" badge, just remembering some of my proudest moments.

Angus MacGyver, Patron Saint of Noble Gas Labs

I'd like to nominate MacGyver as the patron saint of noble gas thermochronology labs. I had originally thought that perhaps he could represent all labs, and perhaps I need to expand my definition, but I have my reasons. Let me explain. For those of you who don't know, MacGyver was one of the greatest television action heroes/good guys of all time. Like most TV heroes, he almost never failed, but what made him unique were three important characteristics.

1. He hated guns. Except in one early episode, he never touched them. This leads directly to point number 2, but also explains why my mom let me watch the show. I like this, noble gas thermochronologists are a peace loving bunch.
2. "Mac" was resourceful, and often called upon his vast background in "science" and "engineering," crafting weapons, picking locks, breaking through security systems, opening doors, and in general saving the world using his Swiss Army Knife, duct tape, and whatever pieces of junk happened to be lying around. I'll get to this later. Oh, and for the record, I don't care if most of what he did was BS, it was still sweet. And, allegedly the producers made things slightly impossible so stupid kids in places like Sacramento didn't try to replicate his bombs and booby traps, just an idea.
3. He was supposed to be Canadian. Seriously, how many other Canadian action heroes were huge on American TV? Richard Dean Anderson, the actor who played MacGyver, is a Minnesotan who only took to acting when his hockey career was put on hold, which in my opinion is the best training an American can have for playing a Canadian.

MacGyver is the patron saint of noble gas labs because of his resourcefullness. On TV, MacGyver destroys a laser using smashed up binoculars and cigarettes, plugs a leaking vat of acid with a chocolate bar, and made a bomb out of cold medicine. In the time of need, he has no budget, and has to work with what is around. Doesn't that sound familiar! How can I fix this with the half broken old lab equipment that is lying around ? I summon my inner MacGyver all the time, clamping together 3 different size KF flanges so I don't have to order the proper reduction fitting, using the brackets I had made for the pneumatic valves for every structural support need except the pneumatic valves, the old UHV gauge controller with the "warning, may produce lethal shock" sticker that I "rescued" and used for 2 years. The list goes on. Not as impressive as the real MacGyvers, but hey..

In addition, MacGyver just looks like a geochronologist.


Check it out, here he is checking on his LMT heavy fraction. Ooooooh, lots of heavies, yes!


And here he is at the power source for the magnetic sector mass spectrometer. Hmmm, I think the problem is with the z-deflector, maybe the accelerating voltage is low...



This is when he was trying to figure out which integrated circuit blew during the power outage, man this takes forever. Thank god I have my leather bomber jacket


OK, I think the tube is ready for the reactor. And, let me add, that is obviously a paleontologist in the background, they probably want MacGyver to tell them how old some ash beds are, that's all they ever want from us.



Check out my LMT lights, I can totally get enough kspar out of this for an Ar MDD analaysis. But first, let me have a drink from my NHL water bottle, go Sabres!


And he even does field work. On the Colorado Plateau! Must be a detrital zircon thing. Let me guess, there's a Grenvillian Peak. By the way, polar fleece long before it was popular. Mac was a trendsetter.

So in conclusion I am trying to think of all of the random things that were commonplace in my lab. Aluminum foil, of course, rolls and rolls of Reynolds Wrap, Q-tips, unwaxed dental floss for the cryogenic cold trap, binder clips, balloons, cinder blocks, toothpicks, the little radioactive source from a film duster....Nothing compared to the great one, but a start. I'm interested what other non-traditional lab supplies are in use out there.

And, by the way, his first name was Angus, at least according to the infallible oracle of all knowledge. It only came out in the last episode, the same one where he found out he had a long lost son.